Jessica Gutierrez

Corra, M., Carter, S. K., Carter, J. S., & Knox, D. (2009). Trends in marital happiness by gender and race, 1973 to 2006. Journal of Family Issues,30(10), 1379-1404.

The data was gathered from the general social survey. It was done on adults from the ages of 18 years and older living in noninstitutional settings in the United States. The dependent variable is "Taken things all together, how would you describe your marriage." The options to answer the question are very happy, pretty happy, or not too happy. They conducted the study based off of the years of 1973-2006. They formulated a linear regression model. The independent variables were sex and race, work status of the respondent, whether the respondent is divorced or not, if there was a child living with them under the age of 18, respondents' and spousal employment status, age, education, income, and religiosity. They controlled for the respondents and spouses education and income. All of these factors contribute to families in the United States when dealing with their social and economic status. Under the multivariate analysis results, they discovered that white husbands have a higher level of marital happiness compared to black wives, who had the lowest level of marital status. White wives have a greater level of marital happiness compared to both black husbands and wives.

Qian, Z., & Lichter, D. T. (2007). Social boundaries and marital assimilation: Interpreting trends in racial and ethnic intermarriage. American Sociological Review, 72(1), 68-94.

The data for this study was gathered from the Integrated Public Use Microdata 5 percent of the samples are from the years 1990 and 2000 which are from the census. The use the races white, African Americans, American Indians, Asian Americans, and Hispanics. Hispanics are anyone who identifies themselves as being Hispanic, Spanish or Latino origin. The goal is to look at the recent trends in intermarriages within the United States. The sample is limited to the foreign-born people who migrated to the United States before the age of 20. Log-linear models were used in the study. Under figure 1 in the study, they discovered that intermarriage was lower among the whites but it was higher for American Indians. Intermarriage is higher for Hispanics compared to African Americans. They proved that it was four times greater for Hispanic women in comparison to African American women in the year 2000. White and Black immigrants have a high level of intermarriage. They concluded that changed made recently in racial classification, as well as for demographic shifts in immigration, cohabitation, and education, have a relationship with the changing patterns of intermarriage in the 1990's.