Bounmy Xiong

Bounmy Xiong, 507 words

For the first article, the author starts off talking about how race and gender has an impact on martial happiness. At the beginning of the article, it talks about how whites tend to have more martial happiness compare to blacks. Black wives reported to have the lowest martial happiness. Another report was that younger married couples tend to have more martial conflicts, problems and less martial interaction than older married couples. Looking back at 1990, it was the time period where martial happiness decreased. From 1980-2000, there was no change in martial happiness, but a decline in martial interaction and there was an assumption that there may be a social change as well. In the 1980s and 1990s, there was a positive and negative factor that showed an effect on martial happiness. Even though there can be a positive or negative effect on martial happiness, the interaction between race and gender can shape how an individual experience and interpret an individual social life. At a societal level, there was an increase for divorce, single parent, decrease in marriage and getting remarried again. It also has an effect on an individual physical and mental well-being and it can be a positive or negative relationship as they grow up. The dependent variable is a question asking how an individual would describe their marriage as either being happy or not happy. The independent variable is the social location of the four different race groups and whether they are employed or not. In conclusion, white husband tends to have the highest levels of martial happiness whereas black wives tend to have the lowest levels of martial happiness.

For the following article, it talks about the social boundaries for intermarriage between different race and ethnics. Since the 1970s, intermarriage has increased in the United States. In 2000, interracial marriage was only 6% compared to married couples who married their own race. Looking at the different race and ethnicity, Hispanics and Asians American tend to decline in intermarriage in 1990. There is some assumption that there was a social distance between the different race groups and what it meant was that the social boundary was between the majority and minority group. The data collected is from the Integrated Public Use Microdata (IPUMS). There are five samples that were collected from the 1990 and 2000 census. Multiracial individuals report that they are more than two or more of a minority race. It also states that interracial marriages are more likely to be like older marriages compare to younger marriages. In conclusion, the first table shows that there was a huge difference between other races when it comes to interracial marriage. Another thing is that different group size doesn't account for the low percentages for intermarriage than African Americans compare to Hispanics. Sometimes interracial marriage can occur due to demographic shifts and it is still unclear whether interracial marriage was a measurement for time changes. Another report was that biracial individuals are more likely to marry another racial group compare to a single race individual.   

Bounmy Xiong